Solar panel clamp

ABSTRACT

A clamping apparatus secures a photovoltaic module to a rail. The clamping apparatus includes a bolt extending between a first end and a second end of the bolt. The clamping apparatus includes a clamp defining a bolt opening into which the bolt is received and a support structure. The support structure positions the clamp at a first location on the bolt. The first location is a first distance from a top rail surface plane within which a top surface of the rail lies. The support structure is adjustable to position the clamp at a second location on the bolt. The second location is a second distance from the top rail surface plane. The first distance is different than the second distance. The support structure has a support structure thickness corresponding to a third distance that is less than the first distance and less than the second distance.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/530,811, filed Nov. 2, 2014, titled “Solar Panel Clamp,” which is a continuation-in-part of both U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/368,651, filed Feb. 8, 2012, titled “Solar Panel Clamp” and International Application No. PCT/US2012/024247, filed Feb. 8, 2012, titled “Solar Panel Clamp,” all of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

The present application relates to, among other things, systems and/or methods for clamping photovoltaic (PV) modules to a rail and/or rail system configured to support the photovoltaic modules (e.g., to form a PV array).

Solar power often refers to the conversion of energy from sunlight to electricity (e.g., to power an appliance, car, home, business, etc.). Solar power generation has become increasingly popular given a shift away from producing electricity via fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas, etc.). Such an increase in popularity may be attributed to numerous factors. For example, the production of electricity via sunlight is considered to be more environmentally friendly than using fossil fuels (e.g., few to no pollutants are emitted using solar technology). Moreover, the conversion efficiency (e.g., amount of sunlight converted into electricity) has continued to increase while the cost to manufacture photovoltaic modules (e.g., solar panels) has decreased, allowing for more widespread applicability (e.g., both in terms of geographic location and affordability).

To convert sunlight or other light into electricity, one or more photovoltaic modules, comprised of a plurality of photovoltaic cells, may be used. Respective photovoltaic cells are configured to convert light energy (e.g., from the sun) into electricity via the photovoltaic effect (e.g., where a voltage and/or electric current is created in a material based upon exposure to light). Because the power that one module can produce is usually insufficient to meet a desired power output (e.g., to power a home and/or business), a plurality of photovoltaic modules may be operably coupled together and arranged to form a photovoltaic array. Traditionally, the photovoltaic modules have been arranged in a grid of rows or columns. However, in some applications, they may be arranged in a different pattern.

To secure the photovoltaic modules, a traditional rail and top-down clamping apparatus have been employed. The rails often comprise a channel and the clamping apparatus comprises a t-shaped bolt (e.g., also referred to as a “t-bolt”) that is designed to fit into the channel of the rail. In operation, the t-bolt is usually inserted into the channel and turned to a desired orientation relative the channel. A clamp of the clamping apparatus is then attached to the t-bolt and secured via a nut to mitigate movement of the module relative to the rail.

Typically, components of the clamping apparatus (e.g., the t-bolt, clamp, and nut) are shipped individually to the installation site and assembled once the modules have been set in place. That is, the module is set in place, the t-bolt is inserted into the channel, the clamp is attached to the bolt, the nut is attached to the bolt, and then the nut is tightened to secure the module (e.g., via the clamp). Given that a typical photovoltaic array comprises at least 12 modules, and may exceed 100 modules, and given that a plurality of clamping apparatuses may be used to secure respective modules, the installation process may be labor intensive (e.g., adding to the total cost of the photovoltaic array). Moreover, given that clamping apparatuses are assembled on site, bolts, clamps and/or nuts may be lost, dropped, etc. during the installation process, further increasing installation time and/or cost.

SUMMARY

This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key factors or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

In an example, a clamping apparatus is configured to secure one or more photovoltaic modules to a rail. The clamping apparatus comprises a bolt extending along a bolt axis between a first end of the bolt and a second end of the bolt. The second end of the bolt is configured to be received within the rail. The clamping apparatus comprises a clamp defining a bolt opening into which the bolt is received. The clamping apparatus comprises a support structure configured to position the clamp at a first location on the bolt when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail and the clamp does not secure the one or more photovoltaic modules to the rail. The first location is a first distance from a top rail surface plane within which a top surface of the rail lies where the first distance extends along a first distance axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is measured from the top rail surface plane to a bottom surface of the clamp. The clamp is disposed to a first side of the top rail surface plane when the clamp is positioned at the first location and the second end of the bolt is disposed to a second side of the top rail surface plane when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail. The support structure is configured to position the clamp at a second location on the bolt when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail and the clamp does secure the one or more photovoltaic modules to the rail. The second location is a second distance from the top rail surface plane where the second distance extends along a second distance axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is measured from the top rail surface plane to the bottom surface of the clamp. The clamp is disposed to the first side of the top rail surface plane when the clamp is positioned at the second location. The first distance is different than the second distance. The support structure has a support structure thickness corresponding to a third distance measured from a first end of the support structure to a second end of the support structure. The third distance extends along a support structure axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is less than the first distance and less than the second distance.

In another example, a clamping apparatus is configured to secure one or more photovoltaic modules to a rail. The clamping apparatus comprises a bolt extending along a bolt axis between a first end of the bolt and a second end of the bolt. The second end of the bolt is configured to be received within the rail. The clamping apparatus comprises a clamp defining a bolt opening into which the bolt is received. The clamping apparatus comprises a support structure configured to position the clamp at a first location on the bolt when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail and the clamp does not secure the one or more photovoltaic modules to the rail. The first location is a first distance from a top rail surface plane within which a top surface of the rail lies where the first distance extends along a first distance axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is measured from the top rail surface plane to a bottom surface of the clamp. The clamp is disposed to a first side of the top rail surface plane when the clamp is positioned at the first location and the second end of the bolt is disposed to a second side of the top rail surface plane when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail. The support structure is configured to position the clamp at a second location on the bolt when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail and the clamp does secure the one or more photovoltaic modules to the rail. The second location is a second distance from the top rail surface plane where the second distance extends along a second distance axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is measured from the top rail surface plane to the bottom surface of the clamp. The clamp is disposed to the first side of the top rail surface plane when the clamp is positioned at the second location. The first distance is different than the second distance. The support structure comprises a first affixation that affixes the clamp to a nut configured to be threaded onto the bolt when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail and the clamp does not secure the one or more photovoltaic modules to the rail. The support structure has a support structure thickness corresponding to a third distance measured from a first end of the support structure to a second end of the support structure. The third distance extends along a support structure axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is less than the first distance and less than the second distance.

In yet another example, a clamping apparatus configured to secure one or more photovoltaic modules to a rail. The clamping apparatus comprises a bolt extending along a bolt axis between a first end of the bolt and a second end of the bolt. The second end of the bolt is configured to be received within the rail. The clamping apparatus comprises a clamp defining a bolt opening into which the bolt is received. The clamping apparatus comprises a support structure configured to position the clamp at a first location on the bolt when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail and the clamp does not secure the one or more photovoltaic modules to the rail. The first location is a first distance from a top rail surface plane within which a top surface of the rail lies where the first distance extends along a first distance axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is measured from the top rail surface plane to a bottom surface of the clamp. The clamp is disposed to a first side of the top rail surface plane when the clamp is positioned at the first location and the second end of the bolt is disposed to a second side of the top rail surface plane when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail. The support structure is configured to position the clamp at a second location on the bolt when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail and the clamp does secure the one or more photovoltaic modules to the rail. The second location is a second distance from the top rail surface plane where the second distance extends along a second distance axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is measured from the top rail surface plane to the bottom surface of the clamp. The clamp is disposed to the first side of the top rail surface plane when the clamp is positioned at the second location, the first distance different than the second distance. The support structure has a support structure thickness corresponding to a third distance measured from a first end of the support structure to a second end of the support structure. The third distance extends along a support structure axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is less than the first distance and less than the second distance. The third distance is less than about ½ of the second distance.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the following description and annexed drawings set forth certain illustrative aspects and implementations. These are indicative of but a few of the various ways in which one or more aspects may be employed. Other aspects, advantages, and novel features of the disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the annexed drawings.

FIGURES

The application is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references generally indicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a photovoltaic array.

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example photovoltaic array comprising rails to which one or more photovoltaic modules can be attached.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example clamping apparatus.

FIG. 4 illustrates a top-down view of an example bolt of an example clamping apparatus.

FIG. 5 illustrates a top-down view of an example clamp of an example clamping apparatus.

FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example photovoltaic array with a clamping apparatus attached thereto.

FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example photovoltaic array with a clamping apparatus being inserted into a channel of a rail of the array.

FIG. 8 illustrates a clamping apparatus being rotated to lock the clamping apparatus into a channel of a rail of a photovoltaic array.

FIG. 9 illustrates a clamping apparatus in association with an example photovoltaic module.

FIG. 10 illustrates a clamping apparatus in association with an example photovoltaic module.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example support structure.

FIG. 12A illustrates an example support structure.

FIG. 12B illustrates an example support structure.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example clamping apparatus.

FIG. 14 illustrates a clamping apparatus in association with an example photovoltaic module.

FIG. 15 illustrates a clamping apparatus in association with an example photovoltaic module.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example nut in association with an example clamp.

FIG. 17 illustrates a clamping apparatus in association with an example photovoltaic module.

FIG. 18 illustrates an end of an example clamping apparatus.

FIG. 19 illustrates a clamping apparatus in association with an example photovoltaic module.

FIG. 20 illustrates an example clamping apparatus.

FIG. 21 illustrates an example clamping apparatus.

FIG. 22 illustrates an example clamping apparatus.

FIG. 23 illustrates an example clamping apparatus.

FIG. 24 illustrates an example clamping apparatus.

FIG. 25 illustrates a top-down view of an example clamp of an example clamping apparatus.

FIG. 26 illustrates a clamping apparatus in association with an example photovoltaic module.

FIG. 27 illustrates a clamping apparatus in association with an example photovoltaic module.

FIG. 28 illustrates a clamping apparatus in association with an example photovoltaic module.

FIG. 29 illustrates an underside view of an example clamp of an example clamping apparatus.

DESCRIPTION

The claimed subject matter is now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are generally used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the claimed subject matter. It may be evident, however, that the claimed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, structures and devices are illustrated in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing subject matter. It is to be understood that as used in the present disclosure, the term “diameter” can be used to indicate width or depth dimensions of shapes or cross-sections that are not necessarily round or cylindrical. For example, a diameter may include a width of a square, cube, or other non-round structure.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example photovoltaic array 100 (e.g., also referred to as a solar panel array, solar array, and/or the like) comprised of a plurality of photovoltaic modules 102 that are arranged along and/or attached to one or more rails 104 (e.g., substantially occluded by the overlying modules 102). As illustrated herein, the rails 104 extend substantially parallel to the a-axis, although they may extend substantially parallel to the b-axis. Moreover, as will be described in further detail with respect to FIG. 2, respective rails further comprise a channel that runs along the length of the rails (e.g., in the example embodiment, channels run parallel to the a-axis).

Channels in the rails may be useful for securing the modules 102 to the rails 104 via one or more clamping apparatuses 106, 108. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the modules 102 are secured to the rails 104 via end-clamp apparatuses 106 and mid-clamp apparatuses 108. Generally, the differences between end-clamp apparatuses 106 and mid-clamp apparatuses 108 are merely based upon the number of modules the clamping apparatus is intended to secure and/or the location of the clamping apparatus. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, end-clamp apparatuses 106 are positioned on an edge of the array 100 and are respectively configured to secure merely one module 102. Mid-clamp apparatuses 108 are positioned between modules 102 of the array 100 and are configured to secure two or more modules 102, for example. As used herein, the terms clamping apparatus, clamping apparatuses, and/or the like are intended to be interpreted in a broad sense to comprise both end-clamp apparatuses 106 and mid-clamp apparatuses 108.

While a specific rail type and/or structure configuration is shown in the examples described herein, it is to be understood that the clamping apparatus(es) described herein can be employed with alternative rail and/or attachments systems to the extent practical. Moreover, the number of modules comprised in the example array 100, the arrangement of the array 100, and/or the arrangement of the modules 102 relative to the rails 104 are not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims. Further, while specific reference is made to the applicability of the clamping apparatus for securing photovoltaic modules, it will be appreciated that the clamping apparatus(es) may find utility in other applications. Thus, to the extent practical, the instant disclosure, including the scope of the claims, is not intended to be limited to a clamping apparatus for securing photovoltaic modules.

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic array 100 (e.g., taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1). As illustrated, a photovoltaic module 102 is situated on top of one or more rails 104. The rails 104 are configured to accommodate a clamping apparatus (not shown) to secure the module 102 to the rail 104. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, respective rails 104 comprise a channel 206 through which a portion of the clamping apparatus (e.g., a t-shaped or other-shaped head of the clamping apparatus (e.g., or, more particularly, of a bolt portion of the clamping apparatus)) may be inserted. However, other mechanisms for securing the clamping apparatus to the rail are also contemplated. For example, in another embodiment, the rail comprises an extruded portion to which the clamping apparatus attaches.

It will be appreciated that one or more of the rails 104 may further comprise other channels 208, 210 that may be utilized to secure the rail to other rails and/or to secure the rail to a supporting structure (e.g., such as a roof or pole to which the photovoltaic array is attached), for example. Moreover, the shape of the rail, number and/or size of additional channels, etc. may depend upon, among other things, how the rails 104 are coupled together (e.g., if they are coupled together), a weight of the modules 102, a structure to which the rails 104 attach, etc.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of a clamping apparatus 300 (e.g., 106, 108 in FIG. 1) that may be configured to secure one or more photovoltaic modules 102 to a rail(s) 104. It will be appreciated that FIG. 3 illustrates what is referred to above as a mid-clamp apparatus (e.g., based upon the size and/or shape of the clamp 340), although the features described herein may also be applicable to end-clamp apparatuses.

The clamping apparatus 300 comprises a threaded bolt 302, a grounding device 312, a support structure 320, a clamp 340, and a nut 360. It will be appreciated that at least some of these components may be optional and/or the clamping apparatus 300 may comprise additional components not described herein. For example, in one embodiment, the grounding device 312 (e.g., washer) may be optional.

The bolt 302 may comprise at least two ends (e.g., a first end 304 and a second end 306), where the second end 306 may be defined by a head 308 that is configured to be inserted into a channel of a rail, for example. The bolt 302 can extend along a bolt axis 310 between the first end 304 of the bolt 302 and the second end 306 of the bolt 302.

Typically, the head 308 has at least one dimension that is greater than a width of the channel, which reduces the possibility of the bolt 302 coming out of the channel once the head 308 is inserted into the channel and/or oriented as desired relative to the channel. By way of example, in the illustrated clamping apparatus 300, the bolt 302 comprises a T-shaped portion or T-shaped head 308. As will be further explained, such a bolt 302 is configured to (easily) slip into the channel of the rail when it is oriented in a first manner relative to the channel (e.g., when the more narrow dimension of the head 308 is perpendicular to the length of the channel) and to be secured in the channel when it is oriented in a second manner relative to the channel (e.g., when the more narrow dimension of the head 308 is parallel to the length of the channel). Alternatively, in another embodiment, the bolt 302 may not comprise a defined head 308. Rather, a nut and/or other component may be coupled to the bolt 302 to substantially form a head that has at least one dimension that is greater than a width of the channel, for example.

The example clamping apparatus 300 comprises a grounding device 312. The grounding device may be selectively coupled to a shaft of the bolt 302 and/or may be permanently affixed the bolt 302. For example, in an embodiment, the grounding device 312 may comprise a washer with smooth and/or jagged surfaces. By way of example, the washer may comprises one or more teeth that are configured to mitigate rotation of the washer relative to the rail and/or are configured to pierce into the rail (e.g., comprised of an anodized aluminum) to provide a gas tight connection between the washer and the rail, for example (e.g., mitigating oxidation). It will be appreciated that by coupling the rail to the grounding device 312 as described, the clamping apparatus 300 and/or the photovoltaic module to which it is affixed may be ground to the rail. In this way, a ground wire may not be run to respective clamping apparatuses and/or to respective photovoltaic modules, for example.

In another embodiment, the grounding device 312 may be configured to attach to a ground wire that is coupled to ground wires from other clamping apparatuses and/or coupled to an earthing electrode (e.g., metal rod), for example. Such a feature may reduce undesired contact with a voltage should electrical components of the array fail, reduce build-up of electricity, and/or provide a channel for conducting high currents associated with lightning strikes, for example. As such, the grounding device 312 can function to electrically ground the bolt 302.

It will be appreciated that the illustrated grounding device 312 (e.g., which has a shape similar to a washer) is merely one of numerous examples of grounding devices that may be utilized. In another embodiment, the grounding device 312 is a ground wire that is wrapped around, soldered, and/or otherwise attached to a portion of the clamping apparatus 300, for example. It will be appreciated that in some examples, the grounding device 312 is optional and may not be provided.

The clamping apparatus 300 further comprises the support structure 320 configured to be selectively coupled to the shaft of the bolt 302 and/or permanently affixed to the bolt 302. It will be appreciated that while the support structure is generally illustrated as having a concentric arrangement relative to the bolt 302, the instant disclosure, included the scope of the appended claims, is not intended to be so limited. That is, unless specified to the contrary, any configuration(s), design(s), etc. are contemplated for the support structure (e.g., that facilitate the functions provided herein). The support structure 320 is also configured to position the clamp 340 of the clamping apparatus 300 a specified distance from the second end 306 (e.g., head 308) of the bolt 302 and/or to position the clamp 340 a specified distance from (e.g., a top edge of) the rail once the clamping apparatus 300 is attached to the rail, for example.

The support structure 320 may be comprised of a compressible material and is configured to be compressed once the photovoltaic module is positioned appropriately relative to the rail to secure the module. That is, once the module is in the desired position, an installer, for example, may tighten the nut 360, causing the support structure 320 to be compressed and reducing the space between the rail and the clamp 340. Such compressible materials may comprise, but are not limited to, a spring (e.g., such as a rubber spring or metal spring), a gasket, a polystyrene, and/or a compressible metal structure (e.g., such as a soft metal). The support structure 320 defines a second bolt opening 322 into which the bolt 302 may be received.

The clamping apparatus 300 also comprises a clamp 340 configured to be selectively coupled to the shaft of the bolt 302 and/or permanently affixed to the bolt 302. The clamp 340 defines a bolt opening 342 into which the bolt 302 can be received. The clamp 340 can secure one or more photovoltaic modules to the rail. For example, the clamp 340 may comprise one or more edges that are configured to extend over a portion of the module(s). When the nut 360 is selectively coupled to the shaft via the first end 304 of the bolt 302 and tightened, the one or more edges extending over the portion of the module may apply pressure to the module, causing the module to be secured to the rail. In this way, the nut 360 acts to secure the clamp 340 and the support structure 320 to the bolt 302 and/or to apply pressure to the clamp 340 and/or the support structure 320 when tightened, for example.

The clamping apparatus 300 may also comprise other features that promote safely securing the one or more modules to the rail, for example. By way of example, in an embodiment, the clamp 340 comprises one or more tabs 344 that are configured to contact a side-edge of one or more modules (e.g., as opposed to a top edge facing the sunlight) and/or to be partially inserted between two or more modules. Such tabs 344 are configured to reduce and/or mitigate rotation of the clamp relative to the module while the nut 360 is being tightened, for example.

FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view (e.g., taken along line 4-4 in FIG. 3) of the bolt 302. FIG. 5 illustrates a top-down view of the clamp 340. In some examples, the shaft of the bolt 302 may comprise a non-cylindrical portion (e.g., such as a flat/shaved edge) and the clamp 340 may comprise a non-cylindrical bolt opening 342 (e.g., of a similar shape to the non-cylindrical portion of the shaft) into which the non-cylindrical portion of the shaft is inserted. Such non-cylindrical features of the bolt 302 and the clamp 340 and/or the tabs 344 of the clamp may mitigate rotation of the bolt 302, and the clamping apparatus 300 generally, relative to the rail once the bolt is inserted into the channel and turned appropriately (e.g., mitigating rotation of the bolt 302 as the nut 360 is being tightened). That is, stated differently, the one or more tabs 344, the non-cylindrically shaped bolt opening 342, and the non-cylindrically shaped portion of the bolt 302 may facilitate alignment of the second end 306 of the bolt 302 (e.g., the head 308) within a channel of the rail, such that rotation of the bolt 302 relative to the channel is mitigated as the one or more modules are being secured (e.g., as the nut 360 is being tightened).

It will be appreciated that these and other features may be described in more detail in U.S. Patent Publication 2011/0299957 and assigned to Preformed Line Products Company, at least some of which may be incorporated herein by reference. For example, another feature of the bolt 302 may be that one or more edges of the head 308 of the bolt 302 are rounded while other edges are substantially square to control how the bolt 302 can be rotated within the channel of the rail. For example, in one embodiment, the head 308 comprises one round corner and three square corners such that the bolt can be rotated in merely one direction relative to the rail when the t-shaped head of the bolt is inserted into a channel of the rail (e.g., because the square corners limit rotation in other directions). Moreover, once turned to a specified position (e.g., turned 90 degrees relative to an initial position when the bolt/clamping apparatus is inserted into the channel (e.g., such that the head is substantially perpendicular to the channel as described further in FIGS. 7-8), the head 308 with merely one round corner may mitigate further rotation of the bolt 302 (e.g., to mitigate rotating the bolt further such that the head 308 becomes parallel with the channel).

FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view (e.g., taken along line 6-6 in FIG. 1) illustrating a clamping apparatus 300 securing a photovoltaic module 102 to a rail 104 via a channel 206. The clamping apparatus 300 comprises a bolt 302 comprising a head 308 that is inserted into the channel 206 of the rail 104. The example clamping apparatus 300 also comprises a grounding device 312, support structure 320, clamp 340 including tabs 344 that abut the side of the module 102, and a nut 360.

FIGS. 7-8 illustrate how a preassembled clamping apparatus 300 comprising a bolt 302 having a t-shaped head 308 may be selectively coupled to a rail 104. More particularly, FIG. 7 illustrates a portion of the clamping apparatus 300 being inserted into a channel 206 of the rail 104. The t-shaped head 308 is turned such that a more narrow dimension 710 of the head 308 is perpendicular the length of the channel 206 (e.g., going into and out of the page), allowing the t-shaped head 308 to be lowered into the channel 206.

Once the t-shaped head 308 is positioned in the channel 206, the bolt 302 (e.g., and/or the entire clamping apparatus 300) may be rotated clockwise and/or counter-clockwise (e.g., 90 degrees) as represented by arrow 712 until the narrow dimension of the head 308 is parallel or substantially parallel to the length of the channel 206 (e.g., such that the narrow dimension of the head 308 is going into and/or out of the page) as illustrated in FIG. 8. It will be appreciated that this changed orientation of the head 308 relative to the channel 206 can reduce (e.g., mitigate) the possibility of the clamping apparatus 300 becoming unsecured from the rail 104.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example photovoltaic module 102 positioned adjacent the clamping apparatus 300. In an example, the rail 104 comprises a top surface 900. The top surface 900 can support and/or be positioned adjacent to a bottom surface of the photovoltaic module 102. In some examples, the top surface 900 of the rail 104 is substantially flat/planar, while in other examples, the top surface 900 has one or more bends, curves, undulations, protrusions, recesses, channels, etc. In an example, the top surface 900 lies within a top rail surface plane 902. The top rail surface plane 902 defines a first side 904 and a second side 906. The clamp 340 and the photovoltaic module 102 are disposed on the first side 904 of the top rail surface plane 902. The head 308 and the channel 206 are disposed on the second side 906 of the top rail surface plane 902.

The support structure 320 is disposed between the clamp 340 on a first side 920 of the support structure 320 and the top rail surface plane 902 on a second side 922 of the support structure 320. In the illustrated example, the first side 920 of the support structure 320 may be in contact with and/or adjacent to the clamp 340. In this example, the second side 922 of the support structure 320 may be spaced a distance apart from the top surface 900 of the rail 104. In such an example, the second side 922 of the support structure 320 may not contact and/or engage the rail 104, but, rather, may be supported the distance apart from the rail 104 by the bolt 302 (e.g., by receiving the bolt 302 therethrough).

The support structure 320 can position the clamp 340 at a first location 930 on the bolt 302 when the second end 306 of the bolt 302 is received within the rail 104 and the clamp 340 does not secure the one or more photovoltaic modules 102 to the rail. Indeed, in this example, the clamp 340 may be initially spaced a distance apart (e.g., above) the photovoltaic module 102. As such, when the support structure 320 positions the clamp at the first location 930, the photovoltaic module 102 can be moved with respect to the clamp 340, such that the photovoltaic module 102 can be oriented/positioned as desired. It will be appreciated that the first location 930 illustrated in FIG. 9 is not intended to be limiting. Rather, in other examples, the first location 930 can be located higher or lower along the bolt 302 than as illustrated. In these examples, the first location 930 represents a position in which the clamp 340 may not interfere with, contact, and/or secure the photovoltaic module 102, such that the photovoltaic module 102 can be oriented/positioned as desired.

In the illustrated example, the first location 930 may be located a first distance 932 from the top rail surface plane 902 within which the top surface 900 of the rail 104 lies. In this example, the first distance 932 extends along a first distance axis 934 that is substantially parallel to the bolt axis 310. The first distance 932 may be measured from the top rail surface plane 902 to a bottom surface 936 of the clamp 340. In the illustrated example, the clamp 340 is disposed on the first side 920 of the top rail surface plane 902 when the clamp 340 is positioned at the first location 930. The second end 306 of the bolt 302 is disposed to the second side 922 of the top rail surface plane 902 when the second end 306 of the bolt 302 is received within the rail 104.

Turning to FIG. 10, the support structure 320 can position the clamp 340 at a second location 950 on the bolt 302 when the second end 306 of the bolt 302 is received within the rail 104 and the clamp 340 does secure the one or more photovoltaic modules 102 to the rail. In this example, the nut 360 can be tightened onto the bolt 302, thus causing the nut 360 to move in a downward direction with respect to the bolt 302 towards the second end 306 of the bolt 302 and the head 308. As the nut 360 is tightened, the clamp 340 (and, thus, the support structure 320) is moved from the first location 930 (e.g., illustrated in FIG. 9) on the bolt 302 downwardly towards the second location 950 on the bolt 302. The nut 360 can be tightened at least until the clamp 340 contacts/engages the photovoltaic module 102. Once the clamp 340 contacts/engages the photovoltaic module 102, the photovoltaic module 102 is secured and is limited from being inadvertently removed from the clamping apparatus 300 and the rail 104.

In the illustrated example, the second location 950 may be located a second distance 952 from the top rail surface plane 902 within which the top surface 900 of the rail 104 lies. In this example, the second distance 952 extends along a second distance axis 954 that is substantially parallel to the bolt axis 310. The second distance 952 may be measured from the top rail surface plane 902 to the bottom surface 936 of the clamp 340. In such an example, the clamp 340 is disposed to the first side 920 of the top rail surface plane 902 when the clamp 340 is positioned at the second location 950, the first distance 932 is different than the second distance 952. In the illustrated examples, the first distance 932 is greater than the second distance 952.

The support structure 320 has a support structure thickness 960 corresponding to a third distance 962. The third distance 962 is measured axially from a first end 964 (e.g., top end) of the support structure to a second end 966 (e.g., bottom end) of the support structure 320. In an example, the third distance 962 extends along a support structure axis 968 that is substantially parallel to the bolt axis 310. The third distance 962 may be less than the first distance 932 and less than the second distance 952. In an example, the third distance 962 may be less than about one half (½) of the second distance 952. In another example, the third distance 962 may be less than about one quarter (¼) of the second distance 952.

Having the third distance 962 (e.g., corresponding to an axial length of the support structure 320) be less than the second distance 952 is beneficial in a number of ways. First, the support structure 320 has a relatively short axial length (e.g., between the first end 964 and the second end 966), thus reducing the cost of the support structure 320 (e.g., less material). Second, the support structure 320 can be positioned at a relatively large number of locations along the bolt 302, such that the clamp 340 can be supported (e.g., by the support structure 320) at a wide range of locations along the bolt 302.

In the illustrated example, the second end 966 of the support structure 320 is separated a fourth distance 980 from the grounding device 312. The support structure thickness 960 corresponding to the third distance 962 is less than the fourth distance 980. As such, a gap, space, etc. exists between the second end 966 of the support structure 320 and the grounding device 312 and the second end 306 of the bolt 302.

Turning to FIGS. 11, 12A, and 12B, a top down view of the support structure 320 and the bolt 302 is illustrated. In an example, the support structure 320 comprises an expandable/compressible material, such as a gasket, for example. The support structure 320 defines the second bolt opening 322 into which the bolt 302 is received. Due to being comprised of an expandable/compressible material, the support structure 320, and, thus, the second bolt opening 322, is expandable between an unexpanded stated (e.g., illustrated in FIG. 11) and an expanded state (e.g., illustrated in FIG. 12A).

As illustrated in FIG. 11, the second bolt opening 322 defines a first cross-sectional size 1100 in the unexpanded state. In this example, the bolt 302 defines a third cross-sectional size 1104. In the unexpanded state, the second bolt opening 322, defining the first cross-sectional size 1100, is smaller than the bolt 302. That is, the first cross-sectional size 1100 of the second bolt opening 322 in the unexpanded state is less than the third cross-sectional size 1104 of the bolt 302. As such, when the support structure 320 is in the unexpanded state, the bolt 302 may not fit into the second bolt opening 322. FIG. 11 represents a first cross-sectional profile of the second bolt opening 322, such as where the second bolt opening 322 is in the unexpanded state. The first cross-sectional profile has a first diameter, represented by dimension 1100.

Turning to FIG. 12A, the support structure 320 can be expanded 1106 from the unexpanded state (e.g., illustrated in FIG. 11) to an expanded state (e.g., illustrated in FIG. 12A). The expansion 1106 of the support structure 320 is illustrated schematically in FIG. 11 (e.g., with arrowheads), as the expansion 1106 can occur in any number of ways. For example, the support structure 320 can be expanded 1106 by a pulling force, such as by a user/operator pulling the support structure 320 radially outwardly.

After the expansion 1106, the second bolt opening 322 of the support structure 320 defines a second cross-sectional size 1110 in the expanded state. In this example, the first cross-sectional size 110 of the support structure 320 in the unexpanded state is less than the second cross-sectional size 1110 of the support structure 320 in the expanded state. In an example, the second cross-sectional size 1110 is larger/greater than the third cross-sectional size 1104 of the bolt 302. The third cross-sectional size 1104 can also be referred to as a third diameter, representing the outside diameter 1104 of the shaft of the bolt 302. Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 12A, the bolt 302 can fit within and be received within the second bolt opening 322 when the second bolt opening 322 of the support structure 320 is in the expanded state. As such, the third cross-sectional size 1104 of the bolt 302 is larger than the first cross-sectional size 1100 and less than the second cross-sectional size 1110.

The support structure 320 can therefore be compressed/expanded between the unexpanded state (e.g., illustrated in FIG. 11) and the expanded state (e.g., illustrated in FIG. 12A). When the support structure 320 is expended to the expanded state, the second bolt opening 322 is sized to receive the bolt 302. As such, the bolt 302 can be received within and passed through the second bolt opening 322, such that the support structure 320 can be moved/adjusted along the bolt 302.

Turning to FIG. 12B, when the pulling/expanding force (e.g., expansion 1106) is no longer provided to the support structure 320, the support structure 320 can revert back towards the unexpanded state. However, after the bolt 302 is received through the second bolt opening 322, the support structure 320 can radially compress onto the bolt 302 (e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 9, 10, 12B, 26, 27, and 28). When the support structure 320 has compressed onto the bolt 302, the support structure 320 can radially surround and compress onto the bolt 302, such that the support structure 320 contacts/engages and “grips” the bolt 302. FIG. 12B represents a second cross-sectional profile of the second bolt opening 322, such as where the second bolt opening 322 is in the expanded state. The second cross-sectional profile represents the second bolt opening 322 when the bolt 302 is received within the second bolt opening 322. The second cross-sectional profile has a second diameter, represented by dimension 1112. In some examples, the first diameter 1100 is less than the second diameter 1112. In some examples, the third diameter 1104 is larger than the first diameter 1100 and less than the second diameter 1112. Because in the second cross-sectional profile the support structure 320 is compressed onto the outside diameter of the bolt 302, it can also be said that the second diameter 1112 can be equal to the third diameter 1104.

When the support structure 320 radially compresses onto the bolt (e.g., contacts/engages, grips, etc.), the support structure 320 is limited from inadvertently moving (e.g., axially up/down, radially, etc.) with respect to the bolt 302. Rather, for the support structure 320 to move (e.g., axially up/down, radially, etc.) with respect to the bolt 302, a sufficient force can be applied, with the force being greater than the compressive force exerted by the support structure 320 onto the bolt 302. In an example, this force could be applied by pushing/pulling the support structure 320 axially up/down the bolt 302. In another example, this force could by applied by pushing/pulling the clamp 340 axially up/down the bolt 302 such that the clamp 340 acts upon the support structure 320 and causes the support structure 320 to move axially up/down the bolt 302. In yet another example, this force could be applied by rotating the nut 360 with respect to the bolt 302, causing the nut 360 to drive the clamp 340 axially downwardly, which thus causes the support structure 320 to move axially up/down the bolt 302. Accordingly, due to the expansion/contraction of the support structure 320, the support structure 320 can maintain a relative position with respect to the bolt 302 at least until it is desired to move the support structure 320 (e.g., as illustrated from FIG. 9 to FIG. 10, and/or as illustrated from FIG. 14 to FIG. 16, and/or as illustrated from FIG. 17 to FIG. 19).

Turning to FIG. 13, a second example clamping apparatus 1300 is illustrated. In this example, the second clamping apparatus 1300 comprises a second example support structure 1302. The support structure 1302 comprises a first affixation 1304 that can affix the clamp 340 to the nut 360 when the second end 306 of the bolt 302 is received within the rail 104 and the clamp 340 does not secure the one or more photovoltaic modules 102 to the rail 104. The first affixation 1304 comprises any number of materials. In some examples, the first affixation 1304 comprises an adhesive (e.g., glue, paste, cement, tape, etc.), a temporary weld (e.g., tack weld, etc.), a magnet, or other temporary fixation structure.

In this example, the first affixation 1304 is illustrated as being disposed on a top surface 1306 of the clamp 340 around the bolt opening 342. Such a position is not intended to be limiting, however. Rather, in other examples, the first affixation 1304 could be disposed on the nut 360 (e.g., bottom surface of the nut 360) instead of the top surface 1306 of the clamp 340. In still other examples, the first affixation 1304 could be disposed on both of the top surface 1306 of the clamp 340 and the nut 360. In these examples, the first affixation 1304 may be disposed between the nut 360 and the clamp 340, such that the first affixation 1304 can affix the clamp 340 to the nut 360.

Turning to FIG. 14, an example operation of the second clamping apparatus 1300 is illustrated. In this example, the support structure 1302 (e.g., the first affixation 1304) can initially position the clamp 340 at the first location 930 on the bolt 302. Due to the first affixation 1304 being positioned between and in contact with the clamp 340 and the nut 360, the clamp 340 and the nut 360 are initially temporarily fixed to each other. With the clamp 340 fixed to the nut 360, the clamp 340 is limited from moving towards the second end 306 of the bolt 302 when the nut 360 does not move towards the second end 306. That is, when the clamp 340 and the nut 360 are initially fixed to each other with the first affixation 1304, the clamp 340 does not move independently of the nut 360, such that the clamp 340 remains at the first location 930.

Turning to FIG. 15, the nut 360 can be rotated, thus causing the clamp 340 and the nut 360 to detach from each other. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the bolt opening 342 has a generally matching shape as the bolt 302. As such, the clamp 340 is limited from rotating with respect to the bolt 302. Instead, movement of the clamp 340 with respect to the bolt 302 is substantially limited to the axial (e.g., up and down) direction, with limited to no rotational movement of the clamp 340 with respect to the bolt 302. As such, when the nut 360 engages the threads of the bolt 302, the nut 360 can be rotated with respect to the bolt 302. Due to the nut 360 and the clamp 340 being fixed with the first affixation 1304, rotation of the nut 360 can cause the first affixation 1304 to fracture/break. More particularly, since the clamp 340 is limited from rotating with respect to the bolt 302, when the nut 360 is rotated with respect to the bolt 302, the attachment between the nut 360 and the clamp 340 (e.g., the first affixation 1304) is broken, such that the nut 360 is no longer attached/affixed to the clamp 340. Accordingly, the nut 360 can threadingly engage the bolt 302 by being rotated such that the nut 360 moves axially downwardly with respect to the bolt 302 towards the second end 306 of the bolt 302. The clamp 340, now no longer affixed to the nut 360, can move downwardly (while not rotating) with respect to the bolt 302 towards the second end 306.

The nut 360 can continue to be rotated at least until the clamp 340 is at the second location 950 on the bolt 302 when the second end 306 of the bolt 302 is received within the rail 104 and the clamp 340 does secure the one or more photovoltaic modules 102 to the rail. The nut 360 can be tightened onto the bolt 302, thus causing the clamp 340 to move from the first location 930 (e.g., illustrated in FIG. 14) downwardly towards the second location 950 on the bolt 302. The nut 360 can be tightened at least until the clamp 340 contacts/engages the photovoltaic module 102. Once the clamp 340 contacts/engages the photovoltaic module 102, the photovoltaic module 102 is secured and is limited from being inadvertently removed from the clamping apparatus 300 and the rail 104.

Turning to FIG. 16, a second example nut 1600 is illustrated. The nut 1600 can be affixed to the clamp 340 with the first affixation 1304. In addition to the first affixation 1304, the support structure 1302 comprises a second affixation 1602 that affixes the nut 1600 to a location on the bolt 302 to position the clamp 340 at the first location 930. The second affixation 1602 comprises a wall, cover, surface, ceiling, adhesive (e.g., glue, tape, etc.), or any similar structure that covers an opening in the nut 1600 through which the bolt 302 is received and, at least temporarily, restricts passage of the bolt 302 through the nut 1600 at least until a sufficient force between the bolt 302 and the nut 1600 causes rupture of the second affixation 1602.

Turning to FIGS. 17 and 18, a third clamping apparatus 1700 is illustrated. The third clamping apparatus 1700 comprises the nut 1600 affixed to the clamp 340. In an example, when the nut 1600 is received onto the bolt 302, the first end 304 of the bolt 302 contacts/abuts the second affixation 1602. The second affixation 1602 comprises a feature (e.g., wall, cover, surface, ceiling, adhesive, glue, tape, etc.) that, when in a first state (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 17), restricts the nut 1600 from being threaded onto the bolt 302 past a first threaded distance 1800 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 18). The first threaded distance 1800 extends along a first threaded distance axis 1802 that is substantially parallel to the bolt axis 310 and is measured from a surface 1804 (e.g., a bottom surface) of the nut 1600 to the first end 304 of the bolt 302. In such an example, the nut 1600 is limited from being further rotated onto the bolt 302 such that the nut 1600 is limited from moving downwardly. As such, in this first state, the support structure 1302 can position the clamp 340 at the first location 930 on the bolt 302.

Turning to FIG. 19, in a second state, the second affixation 1602 does not restrict the nut 1600 from being threaded onto the bolt 302 past the first threaded distance 1800. In this example, the nut 1600 can be rotated from the first state (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 17) to the second state. Rotation of the nut 1600 causes a force to be applied onto the second affixation 1602 by the first end 304 of the bolt 302. In particular, the nut 1600 is rotated with a sufficient amount of rotational force to cause the nut 1600 to move downwardly along the bolt 302. As the nut 1600 moves downwardly, the first end 304 can push through the second affixation 1602, causing the second affixation 1602 to rupture 1900.

Once the second affixation 1602 is ruptured, the nut 1600 can continue to be rotated at least until the clamp 340 is at the second location 950 on the bolt 302 when the second end 306 of the bolt 302 is received within the rail 104 and the clamp 340 does secure the one or more photovoltaic modules 102 to the rail. The nut 1600 can be tightened onto the bolt 302, thus causing the clamp 340 to move from the first location 930 (e.g., illustrated in FIG. 17) downwardly towards the second location 950 on the bolt 302. The nut 1600 can be tightened at least until the clamp 340 contacts/engages the photovoltaic module 102. Once the clamp 340 contacts/engages the photovoltaic module 102, the photovoltaic module 102 is secured and is limited from being inadvertently removed from the clamping apparatus 300 and the rail 104.

Turning to FIG. 20, another example of the clamping apparatus 300 is illustrated. The clamping apparatus 300 can include the bolt 302, the grounding device 312, the clamp 340, and the nut 360. In this example, the clamping apparatus 300 includes a support structure 2000. In contrast to the previous examples in which a support structure was disposed below the clamp 340 (e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10) or above the clamp 340 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 13), in this example, the support structure 2000 can be disposed at least partially within the clamp 340.

The support structure 2000 can be positioned within the bolt opening 342 of the clamp 340. The support structure 2000 has a cross-sectional size that is less than a cross-sectional size of the bolt opening 342, such that the support structure 2000 is received within the bolt opening 342. In the example of FIG. 20, the support structure 2000 is positioned within the bolt opening 342 of clamp 340 prior to the support structure 2000 and/or the clamp 340 being attached to the bolt 302. In other examples, the support structure 2000 can first be attached to the bolt 302, such as by receiving the bolt 302 through a second bolt opening 2002. Once the support structure 2000 is attached to the bolt 302, the clamp 340 can then be inserted over and/or surrounding the support structure 2000. In operation, the clamp 340 can be supported at a location (e.g., the first location 930, the second location 950, etc.) axially along the bolt 302 due to the support structure 2000 being disposed radially between the bolt 302 and the clamp 340.

Turning to FIG. 21, a top down view of an example of the support structure 2000 is illustrated. In this example, the support structure 2000 defines the second bolt opening 2002. In an example, the support structure 2000 has a cross-sectional shape that substantially matches a cross-sectional shape of the bolt 302 and/or a cross-sectional shape of the bolt opening 342 of the clamp 340. For example, the support structure 2000 comprises a non-linear portion 2100 and a linear portion 2102. In this example, the non-linear portion 2100 defines a rounded, circular shape, while the linear portion 2102 defines a straight side of the support structure 2000. The support structure 2000 is therefore hollow and comprises a wall that is shaped to have the non-linear portion 2100 and the linear portion 2102. The support structure 2000 comprises any number of materials, some of which may include the materials of the support structure 320. For example, the support structure 2000 comprises elastomeric materials, neoprene materials, or the like. In such an example, the support structure 2000 has at least some degree of compressibility/flexibility, such that the support structure 2000 can be deformed/compressed/expanded/etc. in response to one or more forces.

Turning to FIG. 23, a top down view of the support structure 2000 attached to the bolt 302 and received within the bolt opening 342 of the clamp 340 is illustrated. In this example, the support structure 2000 can support the clamp 340 at a location (e.g., the first location 930, the second location 950, etc.) along the bolt 302. The support structure 2000 can receive the bolt 302 within the second bolt opening 2002. With the support structure 2000 received onto the bolt 302, the clamp 340 can be inserted onto the support structure 2000. For example, the bolt opening 342 of the clamp 340 can be moved so as to receive the support structure 2000 therein. In such an example, the non-linear portion 2100 of the support structure 2000 can be aligned with non-linear portions of the bolt opening 342 and the bolt 302. Similarly, the linear portions 2102 of the support structure 2000 can be aligned with linear portions of the bolt opening 342 and the bolt 302.

The support structure 2000 can therefore be positioned between the clamp 340 and the bolt 302. In this example, the support structure 2000 is radially received between the clamp 340 and the bolt 302, with the support structure 2000 radially surrounding the bolt 302, while the clamp 340 radially surrounds the support structure 2000. That is, an outer radial side of the support structure 2000 contacts/engages the clamp 340 while an inner radial side of the support structure 2000 contacts/engages the bolt 302. The support structure 2000 can therefore contact/engage both the clamp 340 and the bolt 302. This contact/engagement between the support structure 2000 and the clamp 340 can support the clamp 340 at the desired location, with the clamp 340 being limited from moving axially up/down. Further, due to the substantially matching shape of the bolt opening 342, the support structure 2000 and the bolt 302, the clamp 340 (and, thus, the support structure 2000) can be rotatably attached (e.g., see arrow 712) to the bolt 302 in a similar manner as described in FIGS. 7 and 8.

FIG. 23 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the support structure 2000, the clamp 340, and the bolt 302 taken along lines 23-23 in FIG. 22. As illustrated, the support structure can support the clamp 340 at a location along the bolt 302. The support structure 2000 may have a support structure thickness 2300 that corresponds to a third distance 2302 measured from a first end 2304 of the support structure 2000 to a second end 2306 of the support structure 2000. In an example, the third distance 2302 extends along a support structure axis 2308 that is substantially parallel to the bolt axis 310 and is less than the first distance 932 and the second distance 952. In this example, the third distance 2302 (e.g., the support structure thickness 2300) of the support structure 2000 is substantially equal to a clamp thickness of the clamp 340. That is, the first end 2304 of the support structure 2000 is substantially planar with respect to a top surface of the clamp 340. The second end 2306 of the support structure 2000 is substantially planar with respect to a bottom surface of the clamp 340. As such, the support structure 2000 is substantially limited from contacting the nut 360 (e.g., at the first end 2304 of the support structure 2000) and/or the photovoltaic module 102 (e.g., at the second end 2306 of the support structure 2000).

In operation, the support structure 2000 can support the clamp 340 at a location along the bolt 302. In this example, the support structure 2000 and the clamp 340 are support at a same axial location along the bolt 302. When a user/operator desires to move the clamp 340, such as to move the clamp 340 into engagement with the photovoltaic module 102, the user/operator can tighten the nut 360. Tightening of the nut 360 can cause the clamp 340 and the support structure 2000 to move along a movement direction 2310 downwardly towards the photovoltaic module 102. In such an example, the force applied by the nut 360 is at least enough to overcome a compressive force exerted by the support structure 2000 onto the bolt 302, such that tightening of the nut 360 onto the bolt 302 can cause the support structure 2000 and the clamp 340 to move in the movement direction 2310 (e.g., downwardly).

FIG. 24 illustrates an exploded view of a clamping apparatus 2400 (e.g., 106, 108 in FIG. 1) that may be configured to secure one or more photovoltaic modules 102 to a rail(s) 104. It will be appreciated that FIG. 24 illustrates what is referred to above as a mid-clamp apparatus (e.g., based upon the size and/or shape of the clamp 2440), although the features described herein may also be applicable to end-clamp apparatuses.

The clamping apparatus 2400 comprises a threaded bolt 2402, a support structure 2420, a clamp 2440, and a nut 2460. It will be appreciated that at least some of these components may be optional and/or the clamping apparatus 2400 may comprise additional components not described herein.

The bolt 2402 may comprise at least two ends (e.g., a first end 2404 and a second end 2406), where the second end 2406 may be defined by a head 2408 (shown in FIG. 24) that is configured to be inserted into a channel of the rail 104, for example. The bolt 2402 can extend along a bolt axis 2410 between the first end 2404 of the bolt 2402 and the second end 2406 of the bolt 2402.

Typically, the head 2408 has at least one dimension that is greater than a width of the channel, which reduces the possibility of the bolt 2402 coming out of the channel once the head 2408 is inserted into the channel and/or oriented as desired relative to the channel. By way of example, in the illustrated clamping apparatus 2400, the bolt 2402 comprises a T-shaped portion or T-shaped head 2408. As was explained in regard to previous examples, such a bolt 2402 is configured to (easily) slip into the channel of the rail when it is oriented in a first manner relative to the channel (e.g., when the more narrow dimension of the head 2408 is perpendicular to the length of the channel) and to be secured in the channel when it is oriented in a second manner relative to the channel (e.g., when the more narrow dimension of the head 2408 is parallel to the length of the channel). Alternatively, in some examples, the bolt 2402 may not comprise a defined head 2408. Rather, a nut and/or other component may be coupled to the bolt 2402 to substantially form a head that has at least one dimension that is greater than a width of the channel, for example.

The clamping apparatus 2400 further comprises the support structure 2420 configured to be selectively coupled to the shaft of the bolt 2402 and/or permanently affixed to the bolt 2402. It will be appreciated that while the support structure is generally illustrated as having a concentric arrangement relative to the bolt 2402, the instant disclosure, included the scope of the appended claims, is not intended to be so limited. That is, unless specified to the contrary, any configuration(s), design(s), etc. are contemplated for the support structure (e.g., that facilitate the functions provided herein). The support structure 2420 is also configured to position the clamp 2440 of the clamping apparatus 2400 a specified distance from the second end 2406 (e.g., head 2408) of the bolt 2402 and/or to position the clamp 2440 a specified distance from (e.g., a top edge of) the rail once the clamping apparatus 2400 is attached to the rail, for example.

The support structure 2420 may be comprised of a compressible material and in some examples the support structure 2420 is configured to be compressed once the photovoltaic module is positioned appropriately relative to the rail to secure the module. That is, once the module is in the desired position, an installer, for example, may tighten the nut 2460, causing the support structure 2420 to be compressed and reducing the space between the rail and the clamp 2440. Such compressible materials may comprise, but are not limited to, a spring (e.g., such as a rubber spring or metal spring), a gasket, a polystyrene, and/or a compressible metal structure (e.g., such as a soft metal). The support structure 2420 defines a second bolt opening 2422 into which the bolt 2402 may be received. As shown in FIG. 24, the second bolt opening 2422 can be defined by a sidewall 2424. In some examples, the sidewall 2424 is non-threaded such that the second bolt opening 2422 is non-threaded.

In some examples, the support structure 2420 is not compressed when an installer tightens the nut 2460, and instead, a force applied to the support structure 2420 by the clamp 2440 moves the support structure 2420 downward on the shaft of the bolt 2402. As such, as the installer tightens the nut 2460, the nut 2460 moves down the shaft of the bolt 2402 to urge the clamp 2440 down the shaft which applies a downward force on the support structure 2420 moving the support structure 2420 downward thus reducing the space between the rail and the clamp 2440.

The clamping apparatus 2400 also comprises the clamp 2440 configured to be selectively coupled to the shaft of the bolt 2402 and/or permanently affixed to the bolt 2402. The clamp 2440 defines a bolt opening 2442 into which the bolt 2402 can be received. The clamp 2440 can secure one or more photovoltaic modules 102 to the rail 104. For example, the clamp 2440 may comprise one or more edges 2462 that are configured to extend over a portion of the photovoltaic module(s) 102. When the nut 2460 is selectively coupled to the shaft via the first end 2404 of the bolt 2402 and tightened, the one or more edges 2462 extending over the portion of the photovoltaic module 102 may apply pressure to the photovoltaic module 102, causing the photovoltaic module 102 to be secured to the rail 104. In this way, the nut 2460 acts to secure the clamp 2440 and the support structure 2420 to the bolt 2402 and/or to apply pressure to the clamp 2440 and/or the support structure 2420 when tightened, for example.

The clamping apparatus 2400 may also comprise other features that promote securing the one or more photovoltaic modules 102 to the rail 104. In some examples, the clamp 2440 comprises one or more tabs 2444 extending from an outer side-wall 2464 of the clamp 2440 that are configured to contact a side-edge 2466 of one or more photovoltaic modules 102 (e.g., as opposed to a top edge facing the sunlight) and/or to be partially inserted between two or more photovoltaic modules 102. Such tabs 2444 are configured to reduce and/or mitigate rotation of the clamp 2440 relative to the photovoltaic module 102 while the nut 2460 is being tightened, for example.

As shown in FIG. 24, the support structure 2420 has an outer diameter 2450, and the outer diameter 2450 is less than a width 2452 of the tab 2444 extending from the second outer sidewall 2504 when the bolt 2402 is received within the support structure 2420. As such, the tabs 2444 are configured to contact a side-edge 2466 of the one or more photovoltaic modules 102. In this way, the tabs 2444 set the separation distance 2658 between the photovoltaic modules 102 as will be further described below in reference to FIGS. 26 and 27.

FIG. 25 illustrates a top-down view of the clamp 2440. In some examples, the shaft of the bolt 2402 may comprise a non-cylindrical portion (e.g., such as a flat/shaved edge) and the clamp 2440 may define a non-cylindrical bolt opening 2442 (e.g., of a similar shape to the non-cylindrical portion of the shaft) into which the non-cylindrical portion of the shaft is inserted. Such non-cylindrical features of the bolt 2402 and the clamp 2440 and/or the tabs 2444 of the clamp may mitigate rotation of the bolt 2402, and the clamping apparatus 2400 generally, relative to the rail 104 once the bolt 2402 is inserted into the channel and turned appropriately (e.g., mitigating rotation of the bolt 2402 as the nut 2460 is being tightened). That is, stated differently, the one or more tabs 2444, the non-cylindrically shaped bolt opening 2442, and the non-cylindrically shaped portion of the bolt 2402 may facilitate alignment of the second end 2406 of the bolt 2402 (e.g., the head 2408) within a channel of the rail 104, such that rotation of the bolt 2402 relative to the channel is mitigated as the one or more photovoltaic modules 102 are being secured (e.g., as the nut 2460 is being tightened). It is to be appreciated that the non-cylindrical portion (e.g., a flat/shaved edge) in some examples faces a side-edge of the one or more photovoltaic modules 102 and does not face the gap (e.g., a separation distance) between the one or more modules 102.

In some examples, an inner sidewall 2500 of the clamp 2440 is non-cylindrical to define a non-cylindrical bolt opening 2442 as previously described. The inner sidewall 2500 is at least one of parallel to a first outer sidewall 2502 of the clamp 2440 from which the tab 2444 does not extend or perpendicular to a second outer sidewall 2504 of the clamp 2440 from which the tab 2444 extends. As shown, the inner sidewall 2500 is oriented to face (e.g., oriented parallel to) a side-edge of the photovoltaic module 102. The first outer sidewall 2502 can be the same as the edge 2462 and the second outer sidewall 2504 can be the same as the outer side-wall 2464.

As shown in FIG. 24, the support structure 2420 has an outer diameter 2450, and the outer diameter 2450 is less than a width 2452 of the tab 2444 extending from the second outer sidewall 2504 when the bolt 2402 is received within the support structure 2420. As such, the tabs 2444 are configured to contact a side-edge 2466 of the one or more photovoltaic modules 102. In this way, the tabs 2444 set the separation distance 2658 between the photovoltaic modules 102 as will be further described below in reference to FIGS. 26 and 27.

FIG. 26 illustrates a cross-sectional view (e.g., taken along line 26-26 in FIG. 1) of an example photovoltaic module 102 positioned adjacent the clamping apparatus 2400. In an example, the rail 104 comprises a top surface 2600. The top surface 2600 can support and/or be positioned adjacent to a bottom surface of the photovoltaic module 102. In some examples, the top surface 2600 of the rail 104 is substantially flat/planar, while in other examples, the top surface 2600 has one or more bends, curves, undulations, protrusions, recesses, channels, etc. In an example, the top surface 2600 lies within a top rail surface plane 2602. The top rail surface plane 2602 defines a first side 2604 and a second side 2606. The clamp 2440 and the photovoltaic module 102 are disposed on the first side 2604 of the top rail surface plane 2602. The head 2408 and the channel 206 are disposed on the second side 2606 of the top rail surface plane 2602.

The support structure 2420 is disposed between the clamp 2440 on a first side 2620 of the support structure 2420 and the top rail surface plane 2602 on a second side 2622 of the support structure 2420. In the illustrated example, the first side 2620 of the support structure 2420 may be in contact with and/or adjacent to the clamp 2440. In this example, the second side 2622 of the support structure 2420 may be spaced a distance apart from the top surface 2600 of the rail 104. In such an example, the second side 2622 of the support structure 2420 may not contact and/or engage the rail 104, but, rather, may be supported the distance apart from the rail 104 by the bolt 2402 (e.g., by receiving the bolt 2402 therethrough).

The support structure 2420 can position the clamp 2440 at a first location 2630 on the bolt 2402 when the second end 2406 of the bolt 2402 is received within the rail 104 and the clamp 2440 does not secure the one or more photovoltaic modules 102 to the rail. Indeed, in this example, the clamp 2440 may be initially spaced a distance apart (e.g., above) the photovoltaic module 102. As such, when the support structure 2420 positions the clamp at the first location 2630, the photovoltaic module 102 can be moved with respect to the clamp 2440, such that the photovoltaic module 102 can be oriented/positioned as desired. It will be appreciated that the first location 2630 illustrated in FIG. 26 is not intended to be limiting. Rather, in other examples, the first location 2630 can be located higher or lower along the bolt 2402 than as illustrated. In these examples, the first location 2630 represents a position in which the clamp 2440 may not interfere with, contact, and/or secure the photovoltaic module 102, such that the photovoltaic module 102 can be oriented/positioned as desired.

In the illustrated example, the first location 2630 may be located a first distance 2632 from the top rail surface plane 2602 within which the top surface 2600 of the rail 104 lies. In this example, the first distance 2632 extends along a first distance axis 2634 that is substantially parallel to the bolt axis 2410. The first distance 2632 may be measured from the top rail surface plane 2602 to a bottom surface 2636 of the clamp 2440. In the illustrated example, the clamp 2440 is disposed on the first side 2620 of the top rail surface plane 2602 when the clamp 2440 is positioned at the first location 2630. The second end 2406 of the bolt 2402 is disposed on the second side 2622 of the top rail surface plane 2602 when the second end 2406 of the bolt 2402 is received within the rail 104.

FIG. 27 illustrates a cross-sectional view (e.g., taken along line 26-26 in FIG. 1) illustrating a clamping apparatus 2400 securing a photovoltaic module 102 to a rail 104 via a channel 206 (shown in FIG. 19). The support structure 2420 can position the clamp 2440 at a second location 2700 on the bolt 2402 when the second end 2406 of the bolt 2402 is received within the rail 104 and the clamp 2440 does secure the one or more photovoltaic modules 102 to the rail. In this example, the nut 2460 can be tightened onto the bolt 2402, thus causing the nut 2460 to move in a downward direction with respect to the bolt 2402 towards the second end 2406 of the bolt 2402 and the head 2408. As the nut 2460 is tightened, the clamp 2440 (and, thus, the support structure 2420) is moved from the first location 2630 (e.g., illustrated in FIG. 26) on the bolt 2402 downwardly towards the second location 2700 on the bolt 2402. The nut 2460 can be tightened at least until the clamp 2440 contacts/engages the photovoltaic module 102. Once the clamp 2440 contacts/engages the photovoltaic module 102, the photovoltaic module 102 is secured and is limited from being inadvertently removed from the clamping apparatus 2400 and the rail 104.

In the illustrated example, the second location 2700 may be located a second distance 2702 from the top rail surface plane 2602 within which the top surface 2600 of the rail 104 lies. In this example, the second distance 2702 extends along a second distance axis 2704 that is substantially parallel to the bolt axis 2410. The second distance 2702 may be measured from the top rail surface plane 2602 to the bottom surface 2636 of the clamp 2440. In such an example, the clamp 2440 is disposed to the first side 2604 of the top rail surface plane 2602 when the clamp 2440 is positioned at the second location 2700, the first distance 2632 is different than the second distance 2702. In the illustrated examples, the first distance 2632 is greater than the second distance 2702.

The support structure 2420 has a support structure thickness 2706 corresponding to a third distance 2708. The third distance 2708 is measured axially from a first end 2710 (e.g., top end) of the support structure to a second end 2712 (e.g., bottom end) of the support structure 2420. In an example, the third distance 2708 extends along a support structure axis 2714 that is substantially parallel to the bolt axis 2410. The third distance 2708 may be less than the first distance 2632 and less than the second distance 2652. In an example, the third distance 2708 may be less than about one half (½) of the second distance 2652. In another example, the third distance 2708 may be less than about one quarter (¼) of the second distance 2652.

Having the third distance 2708 (e.g., corresponding to an axial length of the support structure 2420) be less than the second distance 2652 is beneficial in a number of ways. First, the support structure 2420 has a relatively short axial length (e.g., between the first end 2710 and the second end 2712), thus reducing the cost of the support structure 2420 (e.g., less material). Second, the support structure 2420 can be positioned at a relatively large number of locations along the bolt 2402, such that the clamp 2440 can be supported (e.g., by the support structure 2420) at a wide range of locations along the bolt 2402. In some examples, such as those shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, the support structure 2420 has an outer diameter 2654, and the outer diameter 2654 is less than a width 2656 of the tab 2444 extending from the second outer sidewall 2504 when the bolt 2402 is received within the support structure 2420. As such, the tabs 2444 are configured to contact a side-edge 2466 of the one or more photovoltaic modules 102. In this way, the tabs 2444 set the separation distance 2658 between the photovoltaic modules 102, and the support structure 2420 is not in contact with at least one of the photovoltaic modules 102 when the clamping apparatus 2400 secures the photovoltaic module 102 to the rail 104. In some examples, the previously described non-cylindrical feature of the shaft of the bolt 2402 faces the photovoltaic module 102 (e.g., the flat edge is parallel to the side-edge 2466 of the photovoltaic module 102) which enables a portion of the support structure 2420 to avoid contact with at least one of the photovoltaic modules 102.

In some examples, the outer diameter 2654 of the support structure 2420 is less than or equal to a separation distance 2716 between a first photovoltaic module 102 and a second photovoltaic module 2718 when the clamp 2440 secures the first photovoltaic module 102 and the second photovoltaic module 2718 to the rail 104 by engaging a top surface 2720 of the first photovoltaic module 102 and a top surface 2722 of the second photovoltaic module 2718.

FIG. 28 illustrates a cross-sectional view (e.g., taken along line 26-26 in FIG. 1) illustrating a clamping apparatus 2800 securing a photovoltaic module 102 to a rail 104 via a channel 206. In some examples, the support structure 2420 has an outer diameter 2802 that is equal to the width 2656 of the tab 2444 when the bolt 2402 is received within the support structure 2420. As such, both the tab 2444 and the support structure 2420 can contact the photovoltaic module 102 when the clamping apparatus 2800 secures the photovoltaic module 102 to the rail 104. In some examples, the outer diameter 2802 of the support structure 2420 is less than or equal to a width 2656 of the tab 2444 between a first side-edge 2466 of the first photovoltaic module 201 and a second side-edge 2804 of the second photovoltaic module 2718 when the clamp 2440 secures the first photovoltaic module 201 and the second photovoltaic module 2718 to the rail 104. That is to say that the outer diameter 2802 of the support structure 2420 is less than or equal to the width 2656 of the tab 2444 both when the clamping apparatus does not secure the photovoltaic modules 102 to the rails 104 and when the clamping apparatus does secure the photovoltaic modules 102 to the rails 104 (e.g., both before and after the installation process.

It is to be appreciated that in some examples, the support structure 2420 as shown in FIG. 28 can include an outer diameter 2802 that is larger than the separation distance when the clamping apparatus 2800 does not secure the photovoltaic modules 102 to the rails 104. However, during the installation process, the photovoltaic modules 102 can be urged toward the clamping apparatus 2800 to apply a force on the support structure 2420 from at least one of the first side-edge 2466 of the first photovoltaic module 201 and a second side-edge 2804 of the second photovoltaic module 2718. This force tends to reduce the diameter 2802 of the support structure 2420 such that the support structure 2420 may have a diameter 2802 that is equal to or smaller than the width 2656 of the tab 2444 when the clamping apparatus does secure the photovoltaic modules 102 to the rails 104. In these examples, the support structure 2420 may have a dimension (e.g., a diameter) that is larger than the width 2656 of the tab 2444 prior to securement of the photovoltaic modules 102 to the rails 104 and a dimension (e.g., a diameter) that is smaller to or equal than the width 2656 of the tab 2444 after the securement of the photovoltaic modules 102 to the rails 104.

FIG. 29 illustrates an underside of the clamp 2440. In some examples, the clamp defines an aperture 2900, and the aperture(s) 2900 can be positioned radially around the bolt opening 2442. In further examples, the clamp 2440 can include a projection 2902 extending away from the bottom surface 2636 of the clamp 2440. When the nut 2460 urges the clamp 2440 into contact with the photovoltaic module 102, the projection 2902 can pierce an anodized coating on a metallic frame member of the photovoltaic module 102 to provide a reliable electrical path between the photovoltaic module 102 and the rail 104 through the clamping apparatus 2400.

In the aforementioned examples illustrated and described with respect to FIGS. 1 to 29, the clamping apparatus (e.g., 300, 1300, 1700, 2400) may be assembled prior to coupling it to the rail and/or it may be assembled as part of the act of coupling the clamping apparatus to the rail. For example, in one embodiment, the clamping apparatus is preassembled such that the bolt, support structure, clamp, and/or the nut are coupled together (e.g., fastened together) prior to the clamping apparatus being coupled to the rail (e.g., in a factory and/or at an installation site). In this way, the clamping apparatus is one unit prior to assembly with the rail. However, in another embodiment, coupling the clamping apparatus to the rail may comprise assembling the clamping apparatus on the rail. For example, a second end of the bolt may be inserted into a channel of the rail, and the rail may be positioned/oriented as desired. Subsequently, the support structure may be associated with the bolt, a clamp may be placed onto the bolt via a bolt opening of the clamp, and a nut may be secured to the bolt to hold the support structure and clamp in place.

Typically, the support structure is configured to maintain a relative orientation of the clamping apparatus and the rail (e.g., such that angle between the clamping apparatus and a top edge of the rail is substantially ninety degrees). Moreover, in an embodiment, the support structure may be slightly compressed as part of the preassembly such that a degree of pressure is applied to the rail. Such pressure may further assist in maintaining a position of the clamping apparatus relative to the rail (e.g., such that the clamping apparatus does not slide along the channel). Thus, the support structure may be utilized to reduce slippage of the clamping apparatus when (an edge of) a module is positioned between the rail and the clamp of the clamping apparatus, for example.

As described above, in some embodiments, the clamp and/or the bolt may comprise features that further aid in the installation of the photovoltaic modules and/or in securing the photovoltaic module(s) to the rail. For example, in one embodiment, the bolt may comprise a shaft having a non-cylindrical portion and the clamp may comprise a corresponding (e.g., similarly shaped), non-cylindrical opening through which the non-cylindrical portion of the bolt can be inserted. In this way, rotation of the bolt relative to the clamp is reduced (e.g., to reduce the possibility of the bolt being turned in such a manner that it can slip and/or rotate out of the channel). Moreover, the clamp may comprise tabs that abut a side-edge of the photovoltaic modules to further reduce the possibility of the clamp rotating.

Once the rail is preassembled at (e.g., which includes coupling the clamping apparatus to the rail), the preassembled rail may be shipped for assembly. In this way, the rail may be shipped from the factory with the clamping apparatuses preinstalled at specified locations to reduce installation time on site, for example. To complete the installation onsite, the installer therefore merely attaches the rails to an installation site (e.g., a roof) inserts one or more modules into the space between the top edge of the rail and the clamp (e.g., as established by the support structure), secures the module by tightening a nut of the respective clamping apparatuses (e.g., already installed on the rail), and connects wiring of photovoltaic module(s) to a power grid and/or power consumption device, for example.

It may be appreciated that the words “example” and/or “exemplary” are used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect, design, etc. described herein as “example” and/or “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as advantageous over other aspects, designs, etc. Rather, use of these terms is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims may generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. Also, at least one of A and B or the like generally means A or B or both A and B.

Although the disclosure has been shown and described with respect to one or more implementations, equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art based upon a reading and understanding of this specification and the annexed drawings. The disclosure includes all such modifications and alterations and is limited only by the scope of the following claims. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described components (e.g., elements, resources, etc.), the terms used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component which performs the specified function of the described component (e.g., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the herein illustrated example implementations of the disclosure. Similarly, illustrated ordering(s) of acts is not meant to be limiting, such that different orderings comprising the same of different (e.g., numbers) of acts are intended to fall within the scope of the instant disclosure. In addition, while a particular feature of the disclosure may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes”, “having”, “has”, “with”, or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising.” 

What is claimed is:
 1. A clamping apparatus configured to secure one or more photovoltaic modules to a rail, the clamping apparatus comprising: a bolt extending along a bolt axis between a first end of the bolt and a second end of the bolt, wherein the second end of the bolt is configured to be received within the rail; a clamp defining a bolt opening into which the bolt is received, the clamp defining a top surface and a bottom surface; and a support structure configured to: position the clamp at a first location on the bolt when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail and the clamp does not secure the one or more photovoltaic modules to the rail, the first location a first distance from a top rail surface plane within which a top surface of the rail lies wherein the first distance extends along a first distance axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is measured from the top rail surface plane to the bottom surface of the clamp, and wherein the clamp is disposed to a first side of the top rail surface plane when the clamp is positioned at the first location and the second end of the bolt is disposed to a second side of the top rail surface plane when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail, and position the clamp at a second location on the bolt when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail and the clamp does secure the one or more photovoltaic modules to the rail, the second location a second distance from the top rail surface plane wherein the second distance extends along a second distance axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is measured from the top rail surface plane to the bottom surface of the clamp, and wherein the clamp is disposed to the first side of the top rail surface plane when the clamp is positioned at the second location, the first distance different than the second distance, wherein an inner sidewall of the clamp that defines the bolt opening is non-cylindrical and is at least one of parallel to a first outer sidewall of the clamp from which a tab does not extend or perpendicular to a second outer sidewall of the clamp from which a tab does extend.
 2. The clamping apparatus of claim 1, wherein the support structure has a support structure thickness corresponding to a third distance measured from a first end of the support structure to a second end of the support structure, wherein the third distance extends along a support structure axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is less than the first distance and less than the second distance.
 3. The clamping apparatus of claim 1, wherein an outer circumference of the support structure has an infinite slope.
 4. The clamping apparatus of claim 1, wherein the support structure defines a second bolt opening into which the bolt is received.
 5. The clamping apparatus of claim 4, wherein a sidewall of the support structure defining the second bolt opening is non-threaded.
 6. The clamping apparatus of claim 4, wherein the second bolt opening has a first cross-sectional profile when the bolt is not received within the second bolt opening and a second cross-sectional profile, different than the first cross-sectional profile, when the bolt is received within the second bolt opening.
 7. The clamping apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first cross-sectional profile has a first diameter and the second cross-sectional profile has a second diameter.
 8. The clamping apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first diameter is less than the second diameter.
 9. The clamping apparatus of claim 8, wherein the bolt has a third diameter that is larger than the first diameter and less than or equal to the second diameter.
 10. The clamping apparatus of claim 1, wherein an outer diameter of the support structure is less than a width of the tab extending from the second outer sidewall.
 11. A clamping apparatus configured to secure one or more photovoltaic modules to a rail, the clamping apparatus comprising: a bolt extending along a bolt axis between a first end of the bolt and a second end of the bolt, wherein the second end of the bolt is configured to be received within the rail; a clamp defining a bolt opening into which the bolt is received; and a support structure defining a first support side and a second support side, the support structure configured to: position the clamp at a first location on the bolt when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail and the clamp does not secure the one or more photovoltaic modules to the rail, the first location a first distance from a top rail surface plane within which a top surface of the rail lies wherein the first distance extends along a first distance axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is measured from the top rail surface plane to a bottom surface of the clamp, and wherein the clamp is disposed to a first side of the top rail surface plane when the clamp is positioned at the first location and the second end of the bolt is disposed to a second side of the top rail surface plane when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail, and position the clamp at a second location on the bolt when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail and the clamp does secure the one or more photovoltaic modules to the rail by engaging a top surface of the one or more photovoltaic modules, the second location a second distance from the top rail surface plane wherein the second distance extends along a second distance axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is measured from the top rail surface plane to the bottom surface of the clamp, and wherein the clamp is disposed to the first side of the top rail surface plane when the clamp is positioned at the second location, the first distance different than the second distance, and wherein an outer diameter of the support structure is less than or equal to a separation distance between a first photovoltaic module and a second photovoltaic module when the clamp secures the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module to the rail by engaging a top surface of the first photovoltaic module and a top surface of the second photovoltaic module.
 12. The clamping apparatus of claim 11, wherein the outer diameter of the support structure is less than or equal to a width of a tab between a first side-edge of the first photovoltaic module and a second side-edge of the second photovoltaic module when the clamp secures the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module to the rail.
 13. The clamping apparatus of claim 11, wherein an inner sidewall of the clamp that defines the bolt opening is non-cylindrical and is at least one of parallel to a first outer sidewall of the clamp from which a tab does not extend or perpendicular to a second outer sidewall of the clamp from which a tab does extend.
 14. A clamping apparatus configured to secure one or more photovoltaic modules to a rail, the clamping apparatus comprising: a bolt extending along a bolt axis between a first end of the bolt and a second end of the bolt, wherein the second end of the bolt is configured to be received within the rail; a clamp, the clamp comprising a tab that is configured to contact a side-edge of one or more photovoltaic modules, the clamp defining a bolt opening into which the bolt is received; and a support structure defining a first support side and a second support side, the support structure configured to: position the clamp at a first location on the bolt when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail and the clamp does not secure the one or more photovoltaic modules to the rail, the first location a first distance from a top rail surface plane within which a top surface of the rail lies wherein the first distance extends along a first distance axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is measured from the top rail surface plane to a bottom surface of the clamp, and wherein the clamp is disposed to a first side of the top rail surface plane when the clamp is positioned at the first location and the second end of the bolt is disposed to a second side of the top rail surface plane when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail, and position the clamp at a second location on the bolt when the second end of the bolt is received within the rail and the clamp does secure the one or more photovoltaic modules to the rail by engaging a top surface of the one or more photovoltaic modules, the second location a second distance from the top rail surface plane wherein the second distance extends along a second distance axis that is parallel to the bolt axis and is measured from the top rail surface plane to the bottom surface of the clamp, and wherein the clamp is disposed to the first side of the top rail surface plane when the clamp is positioned at the second location, the first distance different than the second distance, and wherein an outer diameter of the support structure is less than or equal to a width of the tab.
 15. The clamping apparatus of claim 14, wherein the tab extends from an outer sidewall of the clamp.
 16. The clamping apparatus of claim 14, wherein the support structure is spaced apart from the top surface of the rail when the support structure positions the clamp at the first location and when the support structure positions the clamp at the second location.
 17. The clamping apparatus of claim 14, wherein the support structure defines a second bolt opening into which the bolt is received.
 18. The clamping apparatus of claim 17, wherein the second bolt opening has a first cross-sectional profile when the bolt is not received within the second bolt opening and a second cross-sectional profile, different than the first cross-sectional profile, when the bolt is received within the second bolt opening.
 19. The clamping apparatus of claim 18, wherein the first cross-sectional profile has a first diameter and the second cross-sectional profile has a second diameter.
 20. The clamping apparatus of claim 14, wherein an inner sidewall of the clamp that defines the bolt opening is non-cylindrical and is at least one of parallel to a first outer sidewall of the clamp from which the tab does not extend or perpendicular to a second outer sidewall of the clamp from which the tab does extend. 